Publication Ethics

1. Article Withdrawal Before Publication

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript in the following cases: discovery of serious errors; duplication or copyright infringement; acceptance by another publication; or disputes concerning authorship rights.

Required documents: a signed withdrawal request clearly stating the title of the manuscript and the reason for withdrawal.

2. Retraction After Publication

Retraction shall be implemented in cases involving: data fabrication or falsification; serious plagiarism; violations of research ethics; false authorship claims; or undisclosed misuse of AI-generated content.

The article link shall remain accessible, while the original content will be replaced by a retraction notice stating the reason for removal.

3. Article Removal

Articles may be removed when their content violates the law, infringes copyright or privacy rights, or upon request from competent authorities.

4. Corrections and Errata

Corrections apply to technical or editorial errors that do not affect the scholarly conclusions of the article. Corrections shall be published as separate notices linked to the original article.

Academic Ethics Policy

• Submitted manuscripts must be original works that have not been previously published and are not under consideration elsewhere;
• Plagiarism in any form is strictly prohibited; authors are fully responsible for the authenticity and accuracy of all materials and sources used;
• All co-authors who have made substantial contributions must be properly acknowledged;
• Any conflicts of interest must be fully disclosed;
• The use of AI tools (such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, etc.) must be clearly declared; AI systems may not be listed as authors.