Paul Ricoeur và nền Thông diễn học qua Lăng kính Bản ngã và Đạo đức / Ricoeur and the Hermeneutics of the Self and Morals

Tóm tắt

This article is an introduction to Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic philosophy. By scrutinizing his interpretation of the selfhood and ethics, we argue that Ricoeur sees hermeneutics as a dynamic and practical alternative to the old purely speculative classical metaphysics and transcendental philosophy. The article begins with a brief review of the evolution of hermeneutics, from a mere exegetical technique (Schleiermacher, Dilthey) to a comprehensive philosophy of understanding (Heidegger, Gadamer). It then analyzes Ricoeur’s attempt to apply phenomenology to language, action, and narrative. That is seen in his interpretation of the self. His attempt to reconcile the contrast of the “classical cogito”, the “idem-identity (sameness/character), with his own narrative of identity, ipse-identity (selfhood/self maintenance), can be a case par excellence of his hermeneutics. Subsequently, the paper explores Ricoeur's hermeneutics as the foundation of ethics that prioritizes "ethical aim" (the "good life") over "moral norms" (the Kantian imperatives). The article concludes that Ricoeur’s hermeneutics finds its resolution in practical wisdom (phronesis), an interpretive judgment of the self as a responsible and "capable being" which could serve to overcome the conflict between universal rules and singular situations